Animation is the process of creating the uninterrupted motion and shape change illusion by means of quick display of a sequence of still images that slightly change from each other. Animations can be recorded on analogue media, such as Flip book, motion picture film or video tape. They can also be stored on digital media formats such as GIF, flash animation. Animation creation methods include the traditional animation creation method and those involving stop frame animation using 3D shapes. With stop frame animation, images are displayed in rapid succession, it is normally about 24, 25 or maybe even 30 frames per second.
Edison
Thomas Alva Edison did a lot of things in his life to do with inventing, science. He was a very good businessman that made a massive impact on life during that era and even nowadays.
Edison invented the Kinetoscope that was an early attempt at a motion picture device. It was not a movie projector. The way it was designed was for films to be shown through a window of a cabinet that contained the machines components. The invention of the Kinetoscope was the introduction that would become the standard of all cinematic projection before video.
On the 14th of April 1894, the first commercial exhibition of motion pictures in history was given in New York City, NY. 10 of Edison's Kinetoscopes were used at this event. The Kinetoscope was instrumental to the birth of American film culture and it also had a huge impact in Europe
Lumiere brothers
The Lumiere brothers, Auguste and Louis, were sons of well known Lyons based painter Antoine Lumiere. both of them were very technically minded and did very well in science at school and both got sent to a technical school.
Antoine, who noted the progress of his photographic processes, abandoned his art work and decided to set up a business that was manufacturing and selling photographic equipment.
The Lumiere brothers worked all the way through the winter of 1894 with Auguste making the first experiments. The aim of this was to try and overcome the problems with the peephole kinetoscope that was made by Thomas Edison. the first main problem that they found with his device was the fact that it was very bulky. The kinetoscope and the camera were massive pieces of machinery and along with the weight meant that the device was restricted to the studio that it was made in.
The other problem they saw with Edison's device was the viewer because it meant that only one person could actually embrace the film at a time which meant that people were waiting a very long time to watch their film.
The brothers had actually invented and developed a device which combined the camera, printer and the projector. They decided to call it the Cinematographe. They first tried it on the 13th of February 1895. There was a number of advantages that the brother's device had over Edison's device. The first of which was the fact that it was muck lighter than the kinetoscope, Lumiere's only weighed 5 kilo grams. It was also hand cranked. The Lumiere machine only used a film speed of 16 fps, which was much slower than Edison's but this meant that less film was used and the clatter and grinding associated with Edison's machine was considerably reduced.
Computer animation techniques
There are many different ways that movement is achieved on computer. For example, there is:
Edison
Thomas Alva Edison did a lot of things in his life to do with inventing, science. He was a very good businessman that made a massive impact on life during that era and even nowadays.
Edison invented the Kinetoscope that was an early attempt at a motion picture device. It was not a movie projector. The way it was designed was for films to be shown through a window of a cabinet that contained the machines components. The invention of the Kinetoscope was the introduction that would become the standard of all cinematic projection before video.
On the 14th of April 1894, the first commercial exhibition of motion pictures in history was given in New York City, NY. 10 of Edison's Kinetoscopes were used at this event. The Kinetoscope was instrumental to the birth of American film culture and it also had a huge impact in Europe
Lumiere brothers
The Lumiere brothers, Auguste and Louis, were sons of well known Lyons based painter Antoine Lumiere. both of them were very technically minded and did very well in science at school and both got sent to a technical school.
Antoine, who noted the progress of his photographic processes, abandoned his art work and decided to set up a business that was manufacturing and selling photographic equipment.
The Lumiere brothers worked all the way through the winter of 1894 with Auguste making the first experiments. The aim of this was to try and overcome the problems with the peephole kinetoscope that was made by Thomas Edison. the first main problem that they found with his device was the fact that it was very bulky. The kinetoscope and the camera were massive pieces of machinery and along with the weight meant that the device was restricted to the studio that it was made in.
The other problem they saw with Edison's device was the viewer because it meant that only one person could actually embrace the film at a time which meant that people were waiting a very long time to watch their film.
The brothers had actually invented and developed a device which combined the camera, printer and the projector. They decided to call it the Cinematographe. They first tried it on the 13th of February 1895. There was a number of advantages that the brother's device had over Edison's device. The first of which was the fact that it was muck lighter than the kinetoscope, Lumiere's only weighed 5 kilo grams. It was also hand cranked. The Lumiere machine only used a film speed of 16 fps, which was much slower than Edison's but this meant that less film was used and the clatter and grinding associated with Edison's machine was considerably reduced.
Computer animation techniques
There are many different ways that movement is achieved on computer. For example, there is:
- frame by frame
- tweening/morphing
- masking
Frame by Frame
Frame by frame helps movement be achieved on a computer. Frame by frame is mainly used in stop frame animation. Stop frame is an animation technique that is used to make an object look like it is moving on its own. This is done by taking multiple pictures, each with the object slightly moving so that it looks like it is moving but you have to only change it the tiniest bit each time so that it looks like it is one fluid motion.
A good example of something that uses Stop Motion and Frame by frame is Wallace and Gromit, made by Nick Park. Wallace and Gromit are made by making two clay models and taking a large number of images and then putting them in order to make a fluid image. The human eye can only process 30 frames per second and one Wallace and Gromit film is 30 minutes long which is 1800 seconds so that means that there is at least 54000 which is why it takes so long.
Tweening/morphing
Tweening, short for inbetweening, is the process of generating intermediate frames between two images to give the impression that the first image moves smoothly into the second one.
Morphing is a computer technique that used in films. it is when one image is slowly changed into another. it is a good technique because it means that the slight individual changes are Unnoticeable in the process. This image is a good example of Arnold Schwarzenegger being changed to look like George W. Bush.
Morphing is a computer technique that used in films. it is when one image is slowly changed into another. it is a good technique because it means that the slight individual changes are Unnoticeable in the process. This image is a good example of Arnold Schwarzenegger being changed to look like George W. Bush.
Tweening achieves movement on a computer because it is when the differences in the key frames is calculated by the computer.
Masking
Masking is when part of a scene is covered up so that something else can be inserted later. this is mainly done on computers so that they can do all the bits with that scene/background and then they can do a bit which would be in between them and insert it into the film on a computer program.
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